Add initial WhatsApp support (#711)

1 files changed, 2767 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/vendor/github.com/golang/protobuf/proto/table_marshal.go b/vendor/github.com/golang/protobuf/proto/table_marshal.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1679449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/golang/protobuf/proto/table_marshal.go
@@ -0,0 +1,2767 @@
+// Go support for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+//
+// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+)
+
+// a sizer takes a pointer to a field and the size of its tag, computes the size of
+// the encoded data.
+type sizer func(pointer, int) int
+
+// a marshaler takes a byte slice, a pointer to a field, and its tag (in wire format),
+// marshals the field to the end of the slice, returns the slice and error (if any).
+type marshaler func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error)
+
+// marshalInfo is the information used for marshaling a message.
+type marshalInfo struct {
+	typ          reflect.Type
+	fields       []*marshalFieldInfo
+	unrecognized field                      // offset of XXX_unrecognized
+	extensions   field                      // offset of XXX_InternalExtensions
+	v1extensions field                      // offset of XXX_extensions
+	sizecache    field                      // offset of XXX_sizecache
+	initialized  int32                      // 0 -- only typ is set, 1 -- fully initialized
+	messageset   bool                       // uses message set wire format
+	hasmarshaler bool                       // has custom marshaler
+	sync.RWMutex                            // protect extElems map, also for initialization
+	extElems     map[int32]*marshalElemInfo // info of extension elements
+}
+
+// marshalFieldInfo is the information used for marshaling a field of a message.
+type marshalFieldInfo struct {
+	field      field
+	wiretag    uint64 // tag in wire format
+	tagsize    int    // size of tag in wire format
+	sizer      sizer
+	marshaler  marshaler
+	isPointer  bool
+	required   bool                              // field is required
+	name       string                            // name of the field, for error reporting
+	oneofElems map[reflect.Type]*marshalElemInfo // info of oneof elements
+}
+
+// marshalElemInfo is the information used for marshaling an extension or oneof element.
+type marshalElemInfo struct {
+	wiretag   uint64 // tag in wire format
+	tagsize   int    // size of tag in wire format
+	sizer     sizer
+	marshaler marshaler
+	isptr     bool // elem is pointer typed, thus interface of this type is a direct interface (extension only)
+}
+
+var (
+	marshalInfoMap  = map[reflect.Type]*marshalInfo{}
+	marshalInfoLock sync.Mutex
+)
+
+// getMarshalInfo returns the information to marshal a given type of message.
+// The info it returns may not necessarily initialized.
+// t is the type of the message (NOT the pointer to it).
+func getMarshalInfo(t reflect.Type) *marshalInfo {
+	marshalInfoLock.Lock()
+	u, ok := marshalInfoMap[t]
+	if !ok {
+		u = &marshalInfo{typ: t}
+		marshalInfoMap[t] = u
+	}
+	marshalInfoLock.Unlock()
+	return u
+}
+
+// Size is the entry point from generated code,
+// and should be ONLY called by generated code.
+// It computes the size of encoded data of msg.
+// a is a pointer to a place to store cached marshal info.
+func (a *InternalMessageInfo) Size(msg Message) int {
+	u := getMessageMarshalInfo(msg, a)
+	ptr := toPointer(&msg)
+	if ptr.isNil() {
+		// We get here if msg is a typed nil ((*SomeMessage)(nil)),
+		// so it satisfies the interface, and msg == nil wouldn't
+		// catch it. We don't want crash in this case.
+		return 0
+	}
+	return u.size(ptr)
+}
+
+// Marshal is the entry point from generated code,
+// and should be ONLY called by generated code.
+// It marshals msg to the end of b.
+// a is a pointer to a place to store cached marshal info.
+func (a *InternalMessageInfo) Marshal(b []byte, msg Message, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	u := getMessageMarshalInfo(msg, a)
+	ptr := toPointer(&msg)
+	if ptr.isNil() {
+		// We get here if msg is a typed nil ((*SomeMessage)(nil)),
+		// so it satisfies the interface, and msg == nil wouldn't
+		// catch it. We don't want crash in this case.
+		return b, ErrNil
+	}
+	return u.marshal(b, ptr, deterministic)
+}
+
+func getMessageMarshalInfo(msg interface{}, a *InternalMessageInfo) *marshalInfo {
+	// u := a.marshal, but atomically.
+	// We use an atomic here to ensure memory consistency.
+	u := atomicLoadMarshalInfo(&a.marshal)
+	if u == nil {
+		// Get marshal information from type of message.
+		t := reflect.ValueOf(msg).Type()
+		if t.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("cannot handle non-pointer message type %v", t))
+		}
+		u = getMarshalInfo(t.Elem())
+		// Store it in the cache for later users.
+		// a.marshal = u, but atomically.
+		atomicStoreMarshalInfo(&a.marshal, u)
+	}
+	return u
+}
+
+// size is the main function to compute the size of the encoded data of a message.
+// ptr is the pointer to the message.
+func (u *marshalInfo) size(ptr pointer) int {
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&u.initialized) == 0 {
+		u.computeMarshalInfo()
+	}
+
+	// If the message can marshal itself, let it do it, for compatibility.
+	// NOTE: This is not efficient.
+	if u.hasmarshaler {
+		m := ptr.asPointerTo(u.typ).Interface().(Marshaler)
+		b, _ := m.Marshal()
+		return len(b)
+	}
+
+	n := 0
+	for _, f := range u.fields {
+		if f.isPointer && ptr.offset(f.field).getPointer().isNil() {
+			// nil pointer always marshals to nothing
+			continue
+		}
+		n += f.sizer(ptr.offset(f.field), f.tagsize)
+	}
+	if u.extensions.IsValid() {
+		e := ptr.offset(u.extensions).toExtensions()
+		if u.messageset {
+			n += u.sizeMessageSet(e)
+		} else {
+			n += u.sizeExtensions(e)
+		}
+	}
+	if u.v1extensions.IsValid() {
+		m := *ptr.offset(u.v1extensions).toOldExtensions()
+		n += u.sizeV1Extensions(m)
+	}
+	if u.unrecognized.IsValid() {
+		s := *ptr.offset(u.unrecognized).toBytes()
+		n += len(s)
+	}
+	// cache the result for use in marshal
+	if u.sizecache.IsValid() {
+		atomic.StoreInt32(ptr.offset(u.sizecache).toInt32(), int32(n))
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+// cachedsize gets the size from cache. If there is no cache (i.e. message is not generated),
+// fall back to compute the size.
+func (u *marshalInfo) cachedsize(ptr pointer) int {
+	if u.sizecache.IsValid() {
+		return int(atomic.LoadInt32(ptr.offset(u.sizecache).toInt32()))
+	}
+	return u.size(ptr)
+}
+
+// marshal is the main function to marshal a message. It takes a byte slice and appends
+// the encoded data to the end of the slice, returns the slice and error (if any).
+// ptr is the pointer to the message.
+// If deterministic is true, map is marshaled in deterministic order.
+func (u *marshalInfo) marshal(b []byte, ptr pointer, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	if atomic.LoadInt32(&u.initialized) == 0 {
+		u.computeMarshalInfo()
+	}
+
+	// If the message can marshal itself, let it do it, for compatibility.
+	// NOTE: This is not efficient.
+	if u.hasmarshaler {
+		m := ptr.asPointerTo(u.typ).Interface().(Marshaler)
+		b1, err := m.Marshal()
+		b = append(b, b1...)
+		return b, err
+	}
+
+	var err, errLater error
+	// The old marshaler encodes extensions at beginning.
+	if u.extensions.IsValid() {
+		e := ptr.offset(u.extensions).toExtensions()
+		if u.messageset {
+			b, err = u.appendMessageSet(b, e, deterministic)
+		} else {
+			b, err = u.appendExtensions(b, e, deterministic)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return b, err
+		}
+	}
+	if u.v1extensions.IsValid() {
+		m := *ptr.offset(u.v1extensions).toOldExtensions()
+		b, err = u.appendV1Extensions(b, m, deterministic)
+		if err != nil {
+			return b, err
+		}
+	}
+	for _, f := range u.fields {
+		if f.required {
+			if ptr.offset(f.field).getPointer().isNil() {
+				// Required field is not set.
+				// We record the error but keep going, to give a complete marshaling.
+				if errLater == nil {
+					errLater = &RequiredNotSetError{f.name}
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		if f.isPointer && ptr.offset(f.field).getPointer().isNil() {
+			// nil pointer always marshals to nothing
+			continue
+		}
+		b, err = f.marshaler(b, ptr.offset(f.field), f.wiretag, deterministic)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err1, ok := err.(*RequiredNotSetError); ok {
+				// Required field in submessage is not set.
+				// We record the error but keep going, to give a complete marshaling.
+				if errLater == nil {
+					errLater = &RequiredNotSetError{f.name + "." + err1.field}
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			if err == errRepeatedHasNil {
+				err = errors.New("proto: repeated field " + f.name + " has nil element")
+			}
+			if err == errInvalidUTF8 {
+				if errLater == nil {
+					fullName := revProtoTypes[reflect.PtrTo(u.typ)] + "." + f.name
+					errLater = &invalidUTF8Error{fullName}
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			return b, err
+		}
+	}
+	if u.unrecognized.IsValid() {
+		s := *ptr.offset(u.unrecognized).toBytes()
+		b = append(b, s...)
+	}
+	return b, errLater
+}
+
+// computeMarshalInfo initializes the marshal info.
+func (u *marshalInfo) computeMarshalInfo() {
+	u.Lock()
+	defer u.Unlock()
+	if u.initialized != 0 { // non-atomic read is ok as it is protected by the lock
+		return
+	}
+
+	t := u.typ
+	u.unrecognized = invalidField
+	u.extensions = invalidField
+	u.v1extensions = invalidField
+	u.sizecache = invalidField
+
+	// If the message can marshal itself, let it do it, for compatibility.
+	// NOTE: This is not efficient.
+	if reflect.PtrTo(t).Implements(marshalerType) {
+		u.hasmarshaler = true
+		atomic.StoreInt32(&u.initialized, 1)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// get oneof implementers
+	var oneofImplementers []interface{}
+	if m, ok := reflect.Zero(reflect.PtrTo(t)).Interface().(oneofMessage); ok {
+		_, _, _, oneofImplementers = m.XXX_OneofFuncs()
+	}
+
+	n := t.NumField()
+
+	// deal with XXX fields first
+	for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := t.Field(i)
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(f.Name, "XXX_") {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch f.Name {
+		case "XXX_sizecache":
+			u.sizecache = toField(&f)
+		case "XXX_unrecognized":
+			u.unrecognized = toField(&f)
+		case "XXX_InternalExtensions":
+			u.extensions = toField(&f)
+			u.messageset = f.Tag.Get("protobuf_messageset") == "1"
+		case "XXX_extensions":
+			u.v1extensions = toField(&f)
+		case "XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral":
+			// nothing to do
+		default:
+			panic("unknown XXX field: " + f.Name)
+		}
+		n--
+	}
+
+	// normal fields
+	fields := make([]marshalFieldInfo, n) // batch allocation
+	u.fields = make([]*marshalFieldInfo, 0, n)
+	for i, j := 0, 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := t.Field(i)
+
+		if strings.HasPrefix(f.Name, "XXX_") {
+			continue
+		}
+		field := &fields[j]
+		j++
+		field.name = f.Name
+		u.fields = append(u.fields, field)
+		if f.Tag.Get("protobuf_oneof") != "" {
+			field.computeOneofFieldInfo(&f, oneofImplementers)
+			continue
+		}
+		if f.Tag.Get("protobuf") == "" {
+			// field has no tag (not in generated message), ignore it
+			u.fields = u.fields[:len(u.fields)-1]
+			j--
+			continue
+		}
+		field.computeMarshalFieldInfo(&f)
+	}
+
+	// fields are marshaled in tag order on the wire.
+	sort.Sort(byTag(u.fields))
+
+	atomic.StoreInt32(&u.initialized, 1)
+}
+
+// helper for sorting fields by tag
+type byTag []*marshalFieldInfo
+
+func (a byTag) Len() int           { return len(a) }
+func (a byTag) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
+func (a byTag) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i].wiretag < a[j].wiretag }
+
+// getExtElemInfo returns the information to marshal an extension element.
+// The info it returns is initialized.
+func (u *marshalInfo) getExtElemInfo(desc *ExtensionDesc) *marshalElemInfo {
+	// get from cache first
+	u.RLock()
+	e, ok := u.extElems[desc.Field]
+	u.RUnlock()
+	if ok {
+		return e
+	}
+
+	t := reflect.TypeOf(desc.ExtensionType) // pointer or slice to basic type or struct
+	tags := strings.Split(desc.Tag, ",")
+	tag, err := strconv.Atoi(tags[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		panic("tag is not an integer")
+	}
+	wt := wiretype(tags[0])
+	sizer, marshaler := typeMarshaler(t, tags, false, false)
+	e = &marshalElemInfo{
+		wiretag:   uint64(tag)<<3 | wt,
+		tagsize:   SizeVarint(uint64(tag) << 3),
+		sizer:     sizer,
+		marshaler: marshaler,
+		isptr:     t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr,
+	}
+
+	// update cache
+	u.Lock()
+	if u.extElems == nil {
+		u.extElems = make(map[int32]*marshalElemInfo)
+	}
+	u.extElems[desc.Field] = e
+	u.Unlock()
+	return e
+}
+
+// computeMarshalFieldInfo fills up the information to marshal a field.
+func (fi *marshalFieldInfo) computeMarshalFieldInfo(f *reflect.StructField) {
+	// parse protobuf tag of the field.
+	// tag has format of "bytes,49,opt,name=foo,def=hello!"
+	tags := strings.Split(f.Tag.Get("protobuf"), ",")
+	if tags[0] == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	tag, err := strconv.Atoi(tags[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		panic("tag is not an integer")
+	}
+	wt := wiretype(tags[0])
+	if tags[2] == "req" {
+		fi.required = true
+	}
+	fi.setTag(f, tag, wt)
+	fi.setMarshaler(f, tags)
+}
+
+func (fi *marshalFieldInfo) computeOneofFieldInfo(f *reflect.StructField, oneofImplementers []interface{}) {
+	fi.field = toField(f)
+	fi.wiretag = 1<<31 - 1 // Use a large tag number, make oneofs sorted at the end. This tag will not appear on the wire.
+	fi.isPointer = true
+	fi.sizer, fi.marshaler = makeOneOfMarshaler(fi, f)
+	fi.oneofElems = make(map[reflect.Type]*marshalElemInfo)
+
+	ityp := f.Type // interface type
+	for _, o := range oneofImplementers {
+		t := reflect.TypeOf(o)
+		if !t.Implements(ityp) {
+			continue
+		}
+		sf := t.Elem().Field(0) // oneof implementer is a struct with a single field
+		tags := strings.Split(sf.Tag.Get("protobuf"), ",")
+		tag, err := strconv.Atoi(tags[1])
+		if err != nil {
+			panic("tag is not an integer")
+		}
+		wt := wiretype(tags[0])
+		sizer, marshaler := typeMarshaler(sf.Type, tags, false, true) // oneof should not omit any zero value
+		fi.oneofElems[t.Elem()] = &marshalElemInfo{
+			wiretag:   uint64(tag)<<3 | wt,
+			tagsize:   SizeVarint(uint64(tag) << 3),
+			sizer:     sizer,
+			marshaler: marshaler,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type oneofMessage interface {
+	XXX_OneofFuncs() (func(Message, *Buffer) error, func(Message, int, int, *Buffer) (bool, error), func(Message) int, []interface{})
+}
+
+// wiretype returns the wire encoding of the type.
+func wiretype(encoding string) uint64 {
+	switch encoding {
+	case "fixed32":
+		return WireFixed32
+	case "fixed64":
+		return WireFixed64
+	case "varint", "zigzag32", "zigzag64":
+		return WireVarint
+	case "bytes":
+		return WireBytes
+	case "group":
+		return WireStartGroup
+	}
+	panic("unknown wire type " + encoding)
+}
+
+// setTag fills up the tag (in wire format) and its size in the info of a field.
+func (fi *marshalFieldInfo) setTag(f *reflect.StructField, tag int, wt uint64) {
+	fi.field = toField(f)
+	fi.wiretag = uint64(tag)<<3 | wt
+	fi.tagsize = SizeVarint(uint64(tag) << 3)
+}
+
+// setMarshaler fills up the sizer and marshaler in the info of a field.
+func (fi *marshalFieldInfo) setMarshaler(f *reflect.StructField, tags []string) {
+	switch f.Type.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Map:
+		// map field
+		fi.isPointer = true
+		fi.sizer, fi.marshaler = makeMapMarshaler(f)
+		return
+	case reflect.Ptr, reflect.Slice:
+		fi.isPointer = true
+	}
+	fi.sizer, fi.marshaler = typeMarshaler(f.Type, tags, true, false)
+}
+
+// typeMarshaler returns the sizer and marshaler of a given field.
+// t is the type of the field.
+// tags is the generated "protobuf" tag of the field.
+// If nozero is true, zero value is not marshaled to the wire.
+// If oneof is true, it is a oneof field.
+func typeMarshaler(t reflect.Type, tags []string, nozero, oneof bool) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	encoding := tags[0]
+
+	pointer := false
+	slice := false
+	if t.Kind() == reflect.Slice && t.Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		slice = true
+		t = t.Elem()
+	}
+	if t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		pointer = true
+		t = t.Elem()
+	}
+
+	packed := false
+	proto3 := false
+	validateUTF8 := true
+	for i := 2; i < len(tags); i++ {
+		if tags[i] == "packed" {
+			packed = true
+		}
+		if tags[i] == "proto3" {
+			proto3 = true
+		}
+	}
+	validateUTF8 = validateUTF8 && proto3
+
+	switch t.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		if pointer {
+			return sizeBoolPtr, appendBoolPtr
+		}
+		if slice {
+			if packed {
+				return sizeBoolPackedSlice, appendBoolPackedSlice
+			}
+			return sizeBoolSlice, appendBoolSlice
+		}
+		if nozero {
+			return sizeBoolValueNoZero, appendBoolValueNoZero
+		}
+		return sizeBoolValue, appendBoolValue
+	case reflect.Uint32:
+		switch encoding {
+		case "fixed32":
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeFixed32Ptr, appendFixed32Ptr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				if packed {
+					return sizeFixed32PackedSlice, appendFixed32PackedSlice
+				}
+				return sizeFixed32Slice, appendFixed32Slice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeFixed32ValueNoZero, appendFixed32ValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeFixed32Value, appendFixed32Value
+		case "varint":
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeVarint32Ptr, appendVarint32Ptr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				if packed {
+					return sizeVarint32PackedSlice, appendVarint32PackedSlice
+				}
+				return sizeVarint32Slice, appendVarint32Slice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeVarint32ValueNoZero, appendVarint32ValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeVarint32Value, appendVarint32Value
+		}
+	case reflect.Int32:
+		switch encoding {
+		case "fixed32":
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeFixedS32Ptr, appendFixedS32Ptr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				if packed {
+					return sizeFixedS32PackedSlice, appendFixedS32PackedSlice
+				}
+				return sizeFixedS32Slice, appendFixedS32Slice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeFixedS32ValueNoZero, appendFixedS32ValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeFixedS32Value, appendFixedS32Value
+		case "varint":
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeVarintS32Ptr, appendVarintS32Ptr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				if packed {
+					return sizeVarintS32PackedSlice, appendVarintS32PackedSlice
+				}
+				return sizeVarintS32Slice, appendVarintS32Slice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeVarintS32ValueNoZero, appendVarintS32ValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeVarintS32Value, appendVarintS32Value
+		case "zigzag32":
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeZigzag32Ptr, appendZigzag32Ptr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				if packed {
+					return sizeZigzag32PackedSlice, appendZigzag32PackedSlice
+				}
+				return sizeZigzag32Slice, appendZigzag32Slice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeZigzag32ValueNoZero, appendZigzag32ValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeZigzag32Value, appendZigzag32Value
+		}
+	case reflect.Uint64:
+		switch encoding {
+		case "fixed64":
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeFixed64Ptr, appendFixed64Ptr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				if packed {
+					return sizeFixed64PackedSlice, appendFixed64PackedSlice
+				}
+				return sizeFixed64Slice, appendFixed64Slice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeFixed64ValueNoZero, appendFixed64ValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeFixed64Value, appendFixed64Value
+		case "varint":
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeVarint64Ptr, appendVarint64Ptr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				if packed {
+					return sizeVarint64PackedSlice, appendVarint64PackedSlice
+				}
+				return sizeVarint64Slice, appendVarint64Slice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeVarint64ValueNoZero, appendVarint64ValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeVarint64Value, appendVarint64Value
+		}
+	case reflect.Int64:
+		switch encoding {
+		case "fixed64":
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeFixedS64Ptr, appendFixedS64Ptr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				if packed {
+					return sizeFixedS64PackedSlice, appendFixedS64PackedSlice
+				}
+				return sizeFixedS64Slice, appendFixedS64Slice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeFixedS64ValueNoZero, appendFixedS64ValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeFixedS64Value, appendFixedS64Value
+		case "varint":
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeVarintS64Ptr, appendVarintS64Ptr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				if packed {
+					return sizeVarintS64PackedSlice, appendVarintS64PackedSlice
+				}
+				return sizeVarintS64Slice, appendVarintS64Slice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeVarintS64ValueNoZero, appendVarintS64ValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeVarintS64Value, appendVarintS64Value
+		case "zigzag64":
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeZigzag64Ptr, appendZigzag64Ptr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				if packed {
+					return sizeZigzag64PackedSlice, appendZigzag64PackedSlice
+				}
+				return sizeZigzag64Slice, appendZigzag64Slice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeZigzag64ValueNoZero, appendZigzag64ValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeZigzag64Value, appendZigzag64Value
+		}
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		if pointer {
+			return sizeFloat32Ptr, appendFloat32Ptr
+		}
+		if slice {
+			if packed {
+				return sizeFloat32PackedSlice, appendFloat32PackedSlice
+			}
+			return sizeFloat32Slice, appendFloat32Slice
+		}
+		if nozero {
+			return sizeFloat32ValueNoZero, appendFloat32ValueNoZero
+		}
+		return sizeFloat32Value, appendFloat32Value
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		if pointer {
+			return sizeFloat64Ptr, appendFloat64Ptr
+		}
+		if slice {
+			if packed {
+				return sizeFloat64PackedSlice, appendFloat64PackedSlice
+			}
+			return sizeFloat64Slice, appendFloat64Slice
+		}
+		if nozero {
+			return sizeFloat64ValueNoZero, appendFloat64ValueNoZero
+		}
+		return sizeFloat64Value, appendFloat64Value
+	case reflect.String:
+		if validateUTF8 {
+			if pointer {
+				return sizeStringPtr, appendUTF8StringPtr
+			}
+			if slice {
+				return sizeStringSlice, appendUTF8StringSlice
+			}
+			if nozero {
+				return sizeStringValueNoZero, appendUTF8StringValueNoZero
+			}
+			return sizeStringValue, appendUTF8StringValue
+		}
+		if pointer {
+			return sizeStringPtr, appendStringPtr
+		}
+		if slice {
+			return sizeStringSlice, appendStringSlice
+		}
+		if nozero {
+			return sizeStringValueNoZero, appendStringValueNoZero
+		}
+		return sizeStringValue, appendStringValue
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		if slice {
+			return sizeBytesSlice, appendBytesSlice
+		}
+		if oneof {
+			// Oneof bytes field may also have "proto3" tag.
+			// We want to marshal it as a oneof field. Do this
+			// check before the proto3 check.
+			return sizeBytesOneof, appendBytesOneof
+		}
+		if proto3 {
+			return sizeBytes3, appendBytes3
+		}
+		return sizeBytes, appendBytes
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		switch encoding {
+		case "group":
+			if slice {
+				return makeGroupSliceMarshaler(getMarshalInfo(t))
+			}
+			return makeGroupMarshaler(getMarshalInfo(t))
+		case "bytes":
+			if slice {
+				return makeMessageSliceMarshaler(getMarshalInfo(t))
+			}
+			return makeMessageMarshaler(getMarshalInfo(t))
+		}
+	}
+	panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown or mismatched type: type: %v, wire type: %v", t, encoding))
+}
+
+// Below are functions to size/marshal a specific type of a field.
+// They are stored in the field's info, and called by function pointers.
+// They have type sizer or marshaler.
+
+func sizeFixed32Value(_ pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	return 4 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixed32ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toUint32()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixed32Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toUint32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixed32Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toUint32Slice()
+	return (4 + tagsize) * len(s)
+}
+func sizeFixed32PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toUint32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4*len(s) + SizeVarint(uint64(4*len(s))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixedS32Value(_ pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	return 4 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixedS32ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixedS32Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := ptr.getInt32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixedS32Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	return (4 + tagsize) * len(s)
+}
+func sizeFixedS32PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4*len(s) + SizeVarint(uint64(4*len(s))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFloat32Value(_ pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	return 4 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFloat32ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := math.Float32bits(*ptr.toFloat32())
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFloat32Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toFloat32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFloat32Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toFloat32Slice()
+	return (4 + tagsize) * len(s)
+}
+func sizeFloat32PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toFloat32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4*len(s) + SizeVarint(uint64(4*len(s))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixed64Value(_ pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	return 8 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixed64ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toUint64()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 8 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixed64Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toUint64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 8 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixed64Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toUint64Slice()
+	return (8 + tagsize) * len(s)
+}
+func sizeFixed64PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toUint64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 8*len(s) + SizeVarint(uint64(8*len(s))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixedS64Value(_ pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	return 8 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixedS64ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 8 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixedS64Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toInt64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 8 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFixedS64Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	return (8 + tagsize) * len(s)
+}
+func sizeFixedS64PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 8*len(s) + SizeVarint(uint64(8*len(s))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFloat64Value(_ pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	return 8 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFloat64ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := math.Float64bits(*ptr.toFloat64())
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 8 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFloat64Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toFloat64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 8 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeFloat64Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toFloat64Slice()
+	return (8 + tagsize) * len(s)
+}
+func sizeFloat64PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toFloat64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 8*len(s) + SizeVarint(uint64(8*len(s))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarint32Value(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toUint32()
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(v)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarint32ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toUint32()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(v)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarint32Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toUint32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(*p)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarint32Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toUint32Slice()
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v)) + tagsize
+	}
+	return n
+}
+func sizeVarint32PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toUint32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v))
+	}
+	return n + SizeVarint(uint64(n)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarintS32Value(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(v)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarintS32ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(v)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarintS32Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := ptr.getInt32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(*p)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarintS32Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v)) + tagsize
+	}
+	return n
+}
+func sizeVarintS32PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v))
+	}
+	return n + SizeVarint(uint64(n)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarint64Value(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toUint64()
+	return SizeVarint(v) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarint64ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toUint64()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return SizeVarint(v) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarint64Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toUint64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return SizeVarint(*p) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarint64Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toUint64Slice()
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(v) + tagsize
+	}
+	return n
+}
+func sizeVarint64PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toUint64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(v)
+	}
+	return n + SizeVarint(uint64(n)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarintS64Value(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(v)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarintS64ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(v)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarintS64Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toInt64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(*p)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeVarintS64Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v)) + tagsize
+	}
+	return n
+}
+func sizeVarintS64PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v))
+	}
+	return n + SizeVarint(uint64(n)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeZigzag32Value(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	return SizeVarint(uint64((uint32(v)<<1)^uint32((int32(v)>>31)))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeZigzag32ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return SizeVarint(uint64((uint32(v)<<1)^uint32((int32(v)>>31)))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeZigzag32Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := ptr.getInt32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	v := *p
+	return SizeVarint(uint64((uint32(v)<<1)^uint32((int32(v)>>31)))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeZigzag32Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64((uint32(v)<<1)^uint32((int32(v)>>31)))) + tagsize
+	}
+	return n
+}
+func sizeZigzag32PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64((uint32(v) << 1) ^ uint32((int32(v) >> 31))))
+	}
+	return n + SizeVarint(uint64(n)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeZigzag64Value(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(v<<1)^uint64((int64(v)>>63))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeZigzag64ValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(v<<1)^uint64((int64(v)>>63))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeZigzag64Ptr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toInt64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	v := *p
+	return SizeVarint(uint64(v<<1)^uint64((int64(v)>>63))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeZigzag64Slice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v<<1)^uint64((int64(v)>>63))) + tagsize
+	}
+	return n
+}
+func sizeZigzag64PackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v<<1) ^ uint64((int64(v) >> 63)))
+	}
+	return n + SizeVarint(uint64(n)) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeBoolValue(_ pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	return 1 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeBoolValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toBool()
+	if !v {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 1 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeBoolPtr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toBoolPtr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 1 + tagsize
+}
+func sizeBoolSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toBoolSlice()
+	return (1 + tagsize) * len(s)
+}
+func sizeBoolPackedSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toBoolSlice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return len(s) + SizeVarint(uint64(len(s))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeStringValue(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toString()
+	return len(v) + SizeVarint(uint64(len(v))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeStringValueNoZero(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toString()
+	if v == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return len(v) + SizeVarint(uint64(len(v))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeStringPtr(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	p := *ptr.toStringPtr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	v := *p
+	return len(v) + SizeVarint(uint64(len(v))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeStringSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toStringSlice()
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += len(v) + SizeVarint(uint64(len(v))) + tagsize
+	}
+	return n
+}
+func sizeBytes(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toBytes()
+	if v == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return len(v) + SizeVarint(uint64(len(v))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeBytes3(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toBytes()
+	if len(v) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return len(v) + SizeVarint(uint64(len(v))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeBytesOneof(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	v := *ptr.toBytes()
+	return len(v) + SizeVarint(uint64(len(v))) + tagsize
+}
+func sizeBytesSlice(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+	s := *ptr.toBytesSlice()
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += len(v) + SizeVarint(uint64(len(v))) + tagsize
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+// appendFixed32 appends an encoded fixed32 to b.
+func appendFixed32(b []byte, v uint32) []byte {
+	b = append(b,
+		byte(v),
+		byte(v>>8),
+		byte(v>>16),
+		byte(v>>24))
+	return b
+}
+
+// appendFixed64 appends an encoded fixed64 to b.
+func appendFixed64(b []byte, v uint64) []byte {
+	b = append(b,
+		byte(v),
+		byte(v>>8),
+		byte(v>>16),
+		byte(v>>24),
+		byte(v>>32),
+		byte(v>>40),
+		byte(v>>48),
+		byte(v>>56))
+	return b
+}
+
+// appendVarint appends an encoded varint to b.
+func appendVarint(b []byte, v uint64) []byte {
+	// TODO: make 1-byte (maybe 2-byte) case inline-able, once we
+	// have non-leaf inliner.
+	switch {
+	case v < 1<<7:
+		b = append(b, byte(v))
+	case v < 1<<14:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte(v&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>7))
+	case v < 1<<21:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte(v&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>14))
+	case v < 1<<28:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte(v&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>21))
+	case v < 1<<35:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte(v&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>28))
+	case v < 1<<42:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte(v&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>28)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>35))
+	case v < 1<<49:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte(v&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>28)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>35)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>42))
+	case v < 1<<56:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte(v&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>28)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>35)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>42)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>49))
+	case v < 1<<63:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte(v&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>28)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>35)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>42)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>49)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte(v>>56))
+	default:
+		b = append(b,
+			byte(v&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>7)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>14)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>21)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>28)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>35)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>42)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>49)&0x7f|0x80),
+			byte((v>>56)&0x7f|0x80),
+			1)
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func appendFixed32Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toUint32()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed32(b, v)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixed32ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toUint32()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed32(b, v)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixed32Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toUint32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed32(b, *p)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixed32Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toUint32Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendFixed32(b, v)
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixed32PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toUint32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(4*len(s)))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendFixed32(b, v)
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixedS32Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed32(b, uint32(v))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixedS32ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed32(b, uint32(v))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixedS32Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := ptr.getInt32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed32(b, uint32(*p))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixedS32Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendFixed32(b, uint32(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixedS32PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(4*len(s)))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendFixed32(b, uint32(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFloat32Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := math.Float32bits(*ptr.toFloat32())
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed32(b, v)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFloat32ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := math.Float32bits(*ptr.toFloat32())
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed32(b, v)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFloat32Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toFloat32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed32(b, math.Float32bits(*p))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFloat32Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toFloat32Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendFixed32(b, math.Float32bits(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFloat32PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toFloat32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(4*len(s)))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendFixed32(b, math.Float32bits(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixed64Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toUint64()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed64(b, v)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixed64ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toUint64()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed64(b, v)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixed64Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toUint64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed64(b, *p)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixed64Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toUint64Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendFixed64(b, v)
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixed64PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toUint64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(8*len(s)))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendFixed64(b, v)
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixedS64Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed64(b, uint64(v))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixedS64ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed64(b, uint64(v))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixedS64Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toInt64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed64(b, uint64(*p))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixedS64Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendFixed64(b, uint64(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFixedS64PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(8*len(s)))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendFixed64(b, uint64(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFloat64Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := math.Float64bits(*ptr.toFloat64())
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed64(b, v)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFloat64ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := math.Float64bits(*ptr.toFloat64())
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed64(b, v)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFloat64Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toFloat64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendFixed64(b, math.Float64bits(*p))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFloat64Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toFloat64Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendFixed64(b, math.Float64bits(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendFloat64PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toFloat64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(8*len(s)))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendFixed64(b, math.Float64bits(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarint32Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toUint32()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarint32ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toUint32()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarint32Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toUint32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(*p))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarint32Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toUint32Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarint32PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toUint32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	// compute size
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v))
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(n))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarintS32Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarintS32ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarintS32Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := ptr.getInt32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(*p))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarintS32Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarintS32PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	// compute size
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v))
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(n))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarint64Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toUint64()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, v)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarint64ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toUint64()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, v)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarint64Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toUint64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, *p)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarint64Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toUint64Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendVarint(b, v)
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarint64PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toUint64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	// compute size
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(v)
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(n))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, v)
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarintS64Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarintS64ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarintS64Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toInt64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(*p))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarintS64Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendVarintS64PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	// compute size
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v))
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(n))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendZigzag32Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64((uint32(v)<<1)^uint32((int32(v)>>31))))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendZigzag32ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt32()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64((uint32(v)<<1)^uint32((int32(v)>>31))))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendZigzag32Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := ptr.getInt32Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	v := *p
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64((uint32(v)<<1)^uint32((int32(v)>>31))))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendZigzag32Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64((uint32(v)<<1)^uint32((int32(v)>>31))))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendZigzag32PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := ptr.getInt32Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	// compute size
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64((uint32(v) << 1) ^ uint32((int32(v) >> 31))))
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(n))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64((uint32(v)<<1)^uint32((int32(v)>>31))))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendZigzag64Value(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v<<1)^uint64((int64(v)>>63)))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendZigzag64ValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toInt64()
+	if v == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v<<1)^uint64((int64(v)>>63)))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendZigzag64Ptr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toInt64Ptr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	v := *p
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v<<1)^uint64((int64(v)>>63)))
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendZigzag64Slice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v<<1)^uint64((int64(v)>>63)))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendZigzag64PackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toInt64Slice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	// compute size
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range s {
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(v<<1) ^ uint64((int64(v) >> 63)))
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(n))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(v<<1)^uint64((int64(v)>>63)))
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendBoolValue(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toBool()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	if v {
+		b = append(b, 1)
+	} else {
+		b = append(b, 0)
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendBoolValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toBool()
+	if !v {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = append(b, 1)
+	return b, nil
+}
+
+func appendBoolPtr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toBoolPtr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	if *p {
+		b = append(b, 1)
+	} else {
+		b = append(b, 0)
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendBoolSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toBoolSlice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		if v {
+			b = append(b, 1)
+		} else {
+			b = append(b, 0)
+		}
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendBoolPackedSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toBoolSlice()
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag&^7|WireBytes)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(s)))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		if v {
+			b = append(b, 1)
+		} else {
+			b = append(b, 0)
+		}
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendStringValue(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toString()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+	b = append(b, v...)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendStringValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toString()
+	if v == "" {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+	b = append(b, v...)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendStringPtr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := *ptr.toStringPtr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	v := *p
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+	b = append(b, v...)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendStringSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toStringSlice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+		b = append(b, v...)
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendUTF8StringValue(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	var invalidUTF8 bool
+	v := *ptr.toString()
+	if !utf8.ValidString(v) {
+		invalidUTF8 = true
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+	b = append(b, v...)
+	if invalidUTF8 {
+		return b, errInvalidUTF8
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendUTF8StringValueNoZero(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	var invalidUTF8 bool
+	v := *ptr.toString()
+	if v == "" {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	if !utf8.ValidString(v) {
+		invalidUTF8 = true
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+	b = append(b, v...)
+	if invalidUTF8 {
+		return b, errInvalidUTF8
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendUTF8StringPtr(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	var invalidUTF8 bool
+	p := *ptr.toStringPtr()
+	if p == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	v := *p
+	if !utf8.ValidString(v) {
+		invalidUTF8 = true
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+	b = append(b, v...)
+	if invalidUTF8 {
+		return b, errInvalidUTF8
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendUTF8StringSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	var invalidUTF8 bool
+	s := *ptr.toStringSlice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		if !utf8.ValidString(v) {
+			invalidUTF8 = true
+		}
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+		b = append(b, v...)
+	}
+	if invalidUTF8 {
+		return b, errInvalidUTF8
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendBytes(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toBytes()
+	if v == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+	b = append(b, v...)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendBytes3(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toBytes()
+	if len(v) == 0 {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+	b = append(b, v...)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendBytesOneof(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	v := *ptr.toBytes()
+	b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+	b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+	b = append(b, v...)
+	return b, nil
+}
+func appendBytesSlice(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, _ bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	s := *ptr.toBytesSlice()
+	for _, v := range s {
+		b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(len(v)))
+		b = append(b, v...)
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
+
+// makeGroupMarshaler returns the sizer and marshaler for a group.
+// u is the marshal info of the underlying message.
+func makeGroupMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			p := ptr.getPointer()
+			if p.isNil() {
+				return 0
+			}
+			return u.size(p) + 2*tagsize
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			p := ptr.getPointer()
+			if p.isNil() {
+				return b, nil
+			}
+			var err error
+			b = appendVarint(b, wiretag) // start group
+			b, err = u.marshal(b, p, deterministic)
+			b = appendVarint(b, wiretag+(WireEndGroup-WireStartGroup)) // end group
+			return b, err
+		}
+}
+
+// makeGroupSliceMarshaler returns the sizer and marshaler for a group slice.
+// u is the marshal info of the underlying message.
+func makeGroupSliceMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			s := ptr.getPointerSlice()
+			n := 0
+			for _, v := range s {
+				if v.isNil() {
+					continue
+				}
+				n += u.size(v) + 2*tagsize
+			}
+			return n
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			s := ptr.getPointerSlice()
+			var err error
+			var nerr nonFatal
+			for _, v := range s {
+				if v.isNil() {
+					return b, errRepeatedHasNil
+				}
+				b = appendVarint(b, wiretag) // start group
+				b, err = u.marshal(b, v, deterministic)
+				b = appendVarint(b, wiretag+(WireEndGroup-WireStartGroup)) // end group
+				if !nerr.Merge(err) {
+					if err == ErrNil {
+						err = errRepeatedHasNil
+					}
+					return b, err
+				}
+			}
+			return b, nerr.E
+		}
+}
+
+// makeMessageMarshaler returns the sizer and marshaler for a message field.
+// u is the marshal info of the message.
+func makeMessageMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			p := ptr.getPointer()
+			if p.isNil() {
+				return 0
+			}
+			siz := u.size(p)
+			return siz + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + tagsize
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			p := ptr.getPointer()
+			if p.isNil() {
+				return b, nil
+			}
+			b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+			siz := u.cachedsize(p)
+			b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+			return u.marshal(b, p, deterministic)
+		}
+}
+
+// makeMessageSliceMarshaler returns the sizer and marshaler for a message slice.
+// u is the marshal info of the message.
+func makeMessageSliceMarshaler(u *marshalInfo) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			s := ptr.getPointerSlice()
+			n := 0
+			for _, v := range s {
+				if v.isNil() {
+					continue
+				}
+				siz := u.size(v)
+				n += siz + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + tagsize
+			}
+			return n
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, wiretag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			s := ptr.getPointerSlice()
+			var err error
+			var nerr nonFatal
+			for _, v := range s {
+				if v.isNil() {
+					return b, errRepeatedHasNil
+				}
+				b = appendVarint(b, wiretag)
+				siz := u.cachedsize(v)
+				b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+				b, err = u.marshal(b, v, deterministic)
+
+				if !nerr.Merge(err) {
+					if err == ErrNil {
+						err = errRepeatedHasNil
+					}
+					return b, err
+				}
+			}
+			return b, nerr.E
+		}
+}
+
+// makeMapMarshaler returns the sizer and marshaler for a map field.
+// f is the pointer to the reflect data structure of the field.
+func makeMapMarshaler(f *reflect.StructField) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	// figure out key and value type
+	t := f.Type
+	keyType := t.Key()
+	valType := t.Elem()
+	keyTags := strings.Split(f.Tag.Get("protobuf_key"), ",")
+	valTags := strings.Split(f.Tag.Get("protobuf_val"), ",")
+	keySizer, keyMarshaler := typeMarshaler(keyType, keyTags, false, false) // don't omit zero value in map
+	valSizer, valMarshaler := typeMarshaler(valType, valTags, false, false) // don't omit zero value in map
+	keyWireTag := 1<<3 | wiretype(keyTags[0])
+	valWireTag := 2<<3 | wiretype(valTags[0])
+
+	// We create an interface to get the addresses of the map key and value.
+	// If value is pointer-typed, the interface is a direct interface, the
+	// idata itself is the value. Otherwise, the idata is the pointer to the
+	// value.
+	// Key cannot be pointer-typed.
+	valIsPtr := valType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr
+
+	// If value is a message with nested maps, calling
+	// valSizer in marshal may be quadratic. We should use
+	// cached version in marshal (but not in size).
+	// If value is not message type, we don't have size cache,
+	// but it cannot be nested either. Just use valSizer.
+	valCachedSizer := valSizer
+	if valIsPtr && valType.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+		u := getMarshalInfo(valType.Elem())
+		valCachedSizer = func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			// Same as message sizer, but use cache.
+			p := ptr.getPointer()
+			if p.isNil() {
+				return 0
+			}
+			siz := u.cachedsize(p)
+			return siz + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + tagsize
+		}
+	}
+	return func(ptr pointer, tagsize int) int {
+			m := ptr.asPointerTo(t).Elem() // the map
+			n := 0
+			for _, k := range m.MapKeys() {
+				ki := k.Interface()
+				vi := m.MapIndex(k).Interface()
+				kaddr := toAddrPointer(&ki, false)             // pointer to key
+				vaddr := toAddrPointer(&vi, valIsPtr)          // pointer to value
+				siz := keySizer(kaddr, 1) + valSizer(vaddr, 1) // tag of key = 1 (size=1), tag of val = 2 (size=1)
+				n += siz + SizeVarint(uint64(siz)) + tagsize
+			}
+			return n
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, tag uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			m := ptr.asPointerTo(t).Elem() // the map
+			var err error
+			keys := m.MapKeys()
+			if len(keys) > 1 && deterministic {
+				sort.Sort(mapKeys(keys))
+			}
+
+			var nerr nonFatal
+			for _, k := range keys {
+				ki := k.Interface()
+				vi := m.MapIndex(k).Interface()
+				kaddr := toAddrPointer(&ki, false)    // pointer to key
+				vaddr := toAddrPointer(&vi, valIsPtr) // pointer to value
+				b = appendVarint(b, tag)
+				siz := keySizer(kaddr, 1) + valCachedSizer(vaddr, 1) // tag of key = 1 (size=1), tag of val = 2 (size=1)
+				b = appendVarint(b, uint64(siz))
+				b, err = keyMarshaler(b, kaddr, keyWireTag, deterministic)
+				if !nerr.Merge(err) {
+					return b, err
+				}
+				b, err = valMarshaler(b, vaddr, valWireTag, deterministic)
+				if err != ErrNil && !nerr.Merge(err) { // allow nil value in map
+					return b, err
+				}
+			}
+			return b, nerr.E
+		}
+}
+
+// makeOneOfMarshaler returns the sizer and marshaler for a oneof field.
+// fi is the marshal info of the field.
+// f is the pointer to the reflect data structure of the field.
+func makeOneOfMarshaler(fi *marshalFieldInfo, f *reflect.StructField) (sizer, marshaler) {
+	// Oneof field is an interface. We need to get the actual data type on the fly.
+	t := f.Type
+	return func(ptr pointer, _ int) int {
+			p := ptr.getInterfacePointer()
+			if p.isNil() {
+				return 0
+			}
+			v := ptr.asPointerTo(t).Elem().Elem().Elem() // *interface -> interface -> *struct -> struct
+			telem := v.Type()
+			e := fi.oneofElems[telem]
+			return e.sizer(p, e.tagsize)
+		},
+		func(b []byte, ptr pointer, _ uint64, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+			p := ptr.getInterfacePointer()
+			if p.isNil() {
+				return b, nil
+			}
+			v := ptr.asPointerTo(t).Elem().Elem().Elem() // *interface -> interface -> *struct -> struct
+			telem := v.Type()
+			if telem.Field(0).Type.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && p.getPointer().isNil() {
+				return b, errOneofHasNil
+			}
+			e := fi.oneofElems[telem]
+			return e.marshaler(b, p, e.wiretag, deterministic)
+		}
+}
+
+// sizeExtensions computes the size of encoded data for a XXX_InternalExtensions field.
+func (u *marshalInfo) sizeExtensions(ext *XXX_InternalExtensions) int {
+	m, mu := ext.extensionsRead()
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	mu.Lock()
+
+	n := 0
+	for _, e := range m {
+		if e.value == nil || e.desc == nil {
+			// Extension is only in its encoded form.
+			n += len(e.enc)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// We don't skip extensions that have an encoded form set,
+		// because the extension value may have been mutated after
+		// the last time this function was called.
+		ei := u.getExtElemInfo(e.desc)
+		v := e.value
+		p := toAddrPointer(&v, ei.isptr)
+		n += ei.sizer(p, ei.tagsize)
+	}
+	mu.Unlock()
+	return n
+}
+
+// appendExtensions marshals a XXX_InternalExtensions field to the end of byte slice b.
+func (u *marshalInfo) appendExtensions(b []byte, ext *XXX_InternalExtensions, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	m, mu := ext.extensionsRead()
+	if m == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+
+	var err error
+	var nerr nonFatal
+
+	// Fast-path for common cases: zero or one extensions.
+	// Don't bother sorting the keys.
+	if len(m) <= 1 {
+		for _, e := range m {
+			if e.value == nil || e.desc == nil {
+				// Extension is only in its encoded form.
+				b = append(b, e.enc...)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// We don't skip extensions that have an encoded form set,
+			// because the extension value may have been mutated after
+			// the last time this function was called.
+
+			ei := u.getExtElemInfo(e.desc)
+			v := e.value
+			p := toAddrPointer(&v, ei.isptr)
+			b, err = ei.marshaler(b, p, ei.wiretag, deterministic)
+			if !nerr.Merge(err) {
+				return b, err
+			}
+		}
+		return b, nerr.E
+	}
+
+	// Sort the keys to provide a deterministic encoding.
+	// Not sure this is required, but the old code does it.
+	keys := make([]int, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		keys = append(keys, int(k))
+	}
+	sort.Ints(keys)
+
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		e := m[int32(k)]
+		if e.value == nil || e.desc == nil {
+			// Extension is only in its encoded form.
+			b = append(b, e.enc...)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// We don't skip extensions that have an encoded form set,
+		// because the extension value may have been mutated after
+		// the last time this function was called.
+
+		ei := u.getExtElemInfo(e.desc)
+		v := e.value
+		p := toAddrPointer(&v, ei.isptr)
+		b, err = ei.marshaler(b, p, ei.wiretag, deterministic)
+		if !nerr.Merge(err) {
+			return b, err
+		}
+	}
+	return b, nerr.E
+}
+
+// message set format is:
+//   message MessageSet {
+//     repeated group Item = 1 {
+//       required int32 type_id = 2;
+//       required string message = 3;
+//     };
+//   }
+
+// sizeMessageSet computes the size of encoded data for a XXX_InternalExtensions field
+// in message set format (above).
+func (u *marshalInfo) sizeMessageSet(ext *XXX_InternalExtensions) int {
+	m, mu := ext.extensionsRead()
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	mu.Lock()
+
+	n := 0
+	for id, e := range m {
+		n += 2                          // start group, end group. tag = 1 (size=1)
+		n += SizeVarint(uint64(id)) + 1 // type_id, tag = 2 (size=1)
+
+		if e.value == nil || e.desc == nil {
+			// Extension is only in its encoded form.
+			msgWithLen := skipVarint(e.enc) // skip old tag, but leave the length varint
+			siz := len(msgWithLen)
+			n += siz + 1 // message, tag = 3 (size=1)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// We don't skip extensions that have an encoded form set,
+		// because the extension value may have been mutated after
+		// the last time this function was called.
+
+		ei := u.getExtElemInfo(e.desc)
+		v := e.value
+		p := toAddrPointer(&v, ei.isptr)
+		n += ei.sizer(p, 1) // message, tag = 3 (size=1)
+	}
+	mu.Unlock()
+	return n
+}
+
+// appendMessageSet marshals a XXX_InternalExtensions field in message set format (above)
+// to the end of byte slice b.
+func (u *marshalInfo) appendMessageSet(b []byte, ext *XXX_InternalExtensions, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	m, mu := ext.extensionsRead()
+	if m == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+
+	var err error
+	var nerr nonFatal
+
+	// Fast-path for common cases: zero or one extensions.
+	// Don't bother sorting the keys.
+	if len(m) <= 1 {
+		for id, e := range m {
+			b = append(b, 1<<3|WireStartGroup)
+			b = append(b, 2<<3|WireVarint)
+			b = appendVarint(b, uint64(id))
+
+			if e.value == nil || e.desc == nil {
+				// Extension is only in its encoded form.
+				msgWithLen := skipVarint(e.enc) // skip old tag, but leave the length varint
+				b = append(b, 3<<3|WireBytes)
+				b = append(b, msgWithLen...)
+				b = append(b, 1<<3|WireEndGroup)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// We don't skip extensions that have an encoded form set,
+			// because the extension value may have been mutated after
+			// the last time this function was called.
+
+			ei := u.getExtElemInfo(e.desc)
+			v := e.value
+			p := toAddrPointer(&v, ei.isptr)
+			b, err = ei.marshaler(b, p, 3<<3|WireBytes, deterministic)
+			if !nerr.Merge(err) {
+				return b, err
+			}
+			b = append(b, 1<<3|WireEndGroup)
+		}
+		return b, nerr.E
+	}
+
+	// Sort the keys to provide a deterministic encoding.
+	keys := make([]int, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		keys = append(keys, int(k))
+	}
+	sort.Ints(keys)
+
+	for _, id := range keys {
+		e := m[int32(id)]
+		b = append(b, 1<<3|WireStartGroup)
+		b = append(b, 2<<3|WireVarint)
+		b = appendVarint(b, uint64(id))
+
+		if e.value == nil || e.desc == nil {
+			// Extension is only in its encoded form.
+			msgWithLen := skipVarint(e.enc) // skip old tag, but leave the length varint
+			b = append(b, 3<<3|WireBytes)
+			b = append(b, msgWithLen...)
+			b = append(b, 1<<3|WireEndGroup)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// We don't skip extensions that have an encoded form set,
+		// because the extension value may have been mutated after
+		// the last time this function was called.
+
+		ei := u.getExtElemInfo(e.desc)
+		v := e.value
+		p := toAddrPointer(&v, ei.isptr)
+		b, err = ei.marshaler(b, p, 3<<3|WireBytes, deterministic)
+		b = append(b, 1<<3|WireEndGroup)
+		if !nerr.Merge(err) {
+			return b, err
+		}
+	}
+	return b, nerr.E
+}
+
+// sizeV1Extensions computes the size of encoded data for a V1-API extension field.
+func (u *marshalInfo) sizeV1Extensions(m map[int32]Extension) int {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	n := 0
+	for _, e := range m {
+		if e.value == nil || e.desc == nil {
+			// Extension is only in its encoded form.
+			n += len(e.enc)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// We don't skip extensions that have an encoded form set,
+		// because the extension value may have been mutated after
+		// the last time this function was called.
+
+		ei := u.getExtElemInfo(e.desc)
+		v := e.value
+		p := toAddrPointer(&v, ei.isptr)
+		n += ei.sizer(p, ei.tagsize)
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+// appendV1Extensions marshals a V1-API extension field to the end of byte slice b.
+func (u *marshalInfo) appendV1Extensions(b []byte, m map[int32]Extension, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+
+	// Sort the keys to provide a deterministic encoding.
+	keys := make([]int, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		keys = append(keys, int(k))
+	}
+	sort.Ints(keys)
+
+	var err error
+	var nerr nonFatal
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		e := m[int32(k)]
+		if e.value == nil || e.desc == nil {
+			// Extension is only in its encoded form.
+			b = append(b, e.enc...)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// We don't skip extensions that have an encoded form set,
+		// because the extension value may have been mutated after
+		// the last time this function was called.
+
+		ei := u.getExtElemInfo(e.desc)
+		v := e.value
+		p := toAddrPointer(&v, ei.isptr)
+		b, err = ei.marshaler(b, p, ei.wiretag, deterministic)
+		if !nerr.Merge(err) {
+			return b, err
+		}
+	}
+	return b, nerr.E
+}
+
+// newMarshaler is the interface representing objects that can marshal themselves.
+//
+// This exists to support protoc-gen-go generated messages.
+// The proto package will stop type-asserting to this interface in the future.
+//
+// DO NOT DEPEND ON THIS.
+type newMarshaler interface {
+	XXX_Size() int
+	XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// Size returns the encoded size of a protocol buffer message.
+// This is the main entry point.
+func Size(pb Message) int {
+	if m, ok := pb.(newMarshaler); ok {
+		return m.XXX_Size()
+	}
+	if m, ok := pb.(Marshaler); ok {
+		// If the message can marshal itself, let it do it, for compatibility.
+		// NOTE: This is not efficient.
+		b, _ := m.Marshal()
+		return len(b)
+	}
+	// in case somehow we didn't generate the wrapper
+	if pb == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var info InternalMessageInfo
+	return info.Size(pb)
+}
+
+// Marshal takes a protocol buffer message
+// and encodes it into the wire format, returning the data.
+// This is the main entry point.
+func Marshal(pb Message) ([]byte, error) {
+	if m, ok := pb.(newMarshaler); ok {
+		siz := m.XXX_Size()
+		b := make([]byte, 0, siz)
+		return m.XXX_Marshal(b, false)
+	}
+	if m, ok := pb.(Marshaler); ok {
+		// If the message can marshal itself, let it do it, for compatibility.
+		// NOTE: This is not efficient.
+		return m.Marshal()
+	}
+	// in case somehow we didn't generate the wrapper
+	if pb == nil {
+		return nil, ErrNil
+	}
+	var info InternalMessageInfo
+	siz := info.Size(pb)
+	b := make([]byte, 0, siz)
+	return info.Marshal(b, pb, false)
+}
+
+// Marshal takes a protocol buffer message
+// and encodes it into the wire format, writing the result to the
+// Buffer.
+// This is an alternative entry point. It is not necessary to use
+// a Buffer for most applications.
+func (p *Buffer) Marshal(pb Message) error {
+	var err error
+	if m, ok := pb.(newMarshaler); ok {
+		siz := m.XXX_Size()
+		p.grow(siz) // make sure buf has enough capacity
+		p.buf, err = m.XXX_Marshal(p.buf, p.deterministic)
+		return err
+	}
+	if m, ok := pb.(Marshaler); ok {
+		// If the message can marshal itself, let it do it, for compatibility.
+		// NOTE: This is not efficient.
+		b, err := m.Marshal()
+		p.buf = append(p.buf, b...)
+		return err
+	}
+	// in case somehow we didn't generate the wrapper
+	if pb == nil {
+		return ErrNil
+	}
+	var info InternalMessageInfo
+	siz := info.Size(pb)
+	p.grow(siz) // make sure buf has enough capacity
+	p.buf, err = info.Marshal(p.buf, pb, p.deterministic)
+	return err
+}
+
+// grow grows the buffer's capacity, if necessary, to guarantee space for
+// another n bytes. After grow(n), at least n bytes can be written to the
+// buffer without another allocation.
+func (p *Buffer) grow(n int) {
+	need := len(p.buf) + n
+	if need <= cap(p.buf) {
+		return
+	}
+	newCap := len(p.buf) * 2
+	if newCap < need {
+		newCap = need
+	}
+	p.buf = append(make([]byte, 0, newCap), p.buf...)
+}