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authorWim <wim@42.be>2022-01-31 00:27:37 +0100
committerWim <wim@42.be>2022-03-20 14:57:48 +0100
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parente7b193788a56ee7cdb02a87a9db0ad6724ef66d5 (diff)
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+// Copyright (c) 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package edwards25519
+
+// This file contains additional functionality that is not included in the
+// upstream crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519 package.
+
+import (
+ "errors"
+
+ "filippo.io/edwards25519/field"
+)
+
+// ExtendedCoordinates returns v in extended coordinates (X:Y:Z:T) where
+// x = X/Z, y = Y/Z, and xy = T/Z as in https://eprint.iacr.org/2008/522.
+func (v *Point) ExtendedCoordinates() (X, Y, Z, T *field.Element) {
+ // This function is outlined to make the allocations inline in the caller
+ // rather than happen on the heap. Don't change the style without making
+ // sure it doesn't increase the inliner cost.
+ var e [4]field.Element
+ X, Y, Z, T = v.extendedCoordinates(&e)
+ return
+}
+
+func (v *Point) extendedCoordinates(e *[4]field.Element) (X, Y, Z, T *field.Element) {
+ checkInitialized(v)
+ X = e[0].Set(&v.x)
+ Y = e[1].Set(&v.y)
+ Z = e[2].Set(&v.z)
+ T = e[3].Set(&v.t)
+ return
+}
+
+// SetExtendedCoordinates sets v = (X:Y:Z:T) in extended coordinates where
+// x = X/Z, y = Y/Z, and xy = T/Z as in https://eprint.iacr.org/2008/522.
+//
+// If the coordinates are invalid or don't represent a valid point on the curve,
+// SetExtendedCoordinates returns nil and an error and the receiver is
+// unchanged. Otherwise, SetExtendedCoordinates returns v.
+func (v *Point) SetExtendedCoordinates(X, Y, Z, T *field.Element) (*Point, error) {
+ if !isOnCurve(X, Y, Z, T) {
+ return nil, errors.New("edwards25519: invalid point coordinates")
+ }
+ v.x.Set(X)
+ v.y.Set(Y)
+ v.z.Set(Z)
+ v.t.Set(T)
+ return v, nil
+}
+
+func isOnCurve(X, Y, Z, T *field.Element) bool {
+ var lhs, rhs field.Element
+ XX := new(field.Element).Square(X)
+ YY := new(field.Element).Square(Y)
+ ZZ := new(field.Element).Square(Z)
+ TT := new(field.Element).Square(T)
+ // -x² + y² = 1 + dx²y²
+ // -(X/Z)² + (Y/Z)² = 1 + d(T/Z)²
+ // -X² + Y² = Z² + dT²
+ lhs.Subtract(YY, XX)
+ rhs.Multiply(d, TT).Add(&rhs, ZZ)
+ if lhs.Equal(&rhs) != 1 {
+ return false
+ }
+ // xy = T/Z
+ // XY/Z² = T/Z
+ // XY = TZ
+ lhs.Multiply(X, Y)
+ rhs.Multiply(T, Z)
+ return lhs.Equal(&rhs) == 1
+}
+
+// BytesMontgomery converts v to a point on the birationally-equivalent
+// Curve25519 Montgomery curve, and returns its canonical 32 bytes encoding
+// according to RFC 7748.
+//
+// Note that BytesMontgomery only encodes the u-coordinate, so v and -v encode
+// to the same value. If v is the identity point, BytesMontgomery returns 32
+// zero bytes, analogously to the X25519 function.
+func (v *Point) BytesMontgomery() []byte {
+ // This function is outlined to make the allocations inline in the caller
+ // rather than happen on the heap.
+ var buf [32]byte
+ return v.bytesMontgomery(&buf)
+}
+
+func (v *Point) bytesMontgomery(buf *[32]byte) []byte {
+ checkInitialized(v)
+
+ // RFC 7748, Section 4.1 provides the bilinear map to calculate the
+ // Montgomery u-coordinate
+ //
+ // u = (1 + y) / (1 - y)
+ //
+ // where y = Y / Z.
+
+ var y, recip, u field.Element
+
+ y.Multiply(&v.y, y.Invert(&v.z)) // y = Y / Z
+ recip.Invert(recip.Subtract(feOne, &y)) // r = 1/(1 - y)
+ u.Multiply(u.Add(feOne, &y), &recip) // u = (1 + y)*r
+
+ return copyFieldElement(buf, &u)
+}
+
+// MultByCofactor sets v = 8 * p, and returns v.
+func (v *Point) MultByCofactor(p *Point) *Point {
+ checkInitialized(p)
+ result := projP1xP1{}
+ pp := (&projP2{}).FromP3(p)
+ result.Double(pp)
+ pp.FromP1xP1(&result)
+ result.Double(pp)
+ pp.FromP1xP1(&result)
+ result.Double(pp)
+ return v.fromP1xP1(&result)
+}
+
+// Given k > 0, set s = s**(2*i).
+func (s *Scalar) pow2k(k int) {
+ for i := 0; i < k; i++ {
+ s.Multiply(s, s)
+ }
+}
+
+// Invert sets s to the inverse of a nonzero scalar v, and returns s.
+//
+// If t is zero, Invert returns zero.
+func (s *Scalar) Invert(t *Scalar) *Scalar {
+ // Uses a hardcoded sliding window of width 4.
+ var table [8]Scalar
+ var tt Scalar
+ tt.Multiply(t, t)
+ table[0] = *t
+ for i := 0; i < 7; i++ {
+ table[i+1].Multiply(&table[i], &tt)
+ }
+ // Now table = [t**1, t**3, t**7, t**11, t**13, t**15]
+ // so t**k = t[k/2] for odd k
+
+ // To compute the sliding window digits, use the following Sage script:
+
+ // sage: import itertools
+ // sage: def sliding_window(w,k):
+ // ....: digits = []
+ // ....: while k > 0:
+ // ....: if k % 2 == 1:
+ // ....: kmod = k % (2**w)
+ // ....: digits.append(kmod)
+ // ....: k = k - kmod
+ // ....: else:
+ // ....: digits.append(0)
+ // ....: k = k // 2
+ // ....: return digits
+
+ // Now we can compute s roughly as follows:
+
+ // sage: s = 1
+ // sage: for coeff in reversed(sliding_window(4,l-2)):
+ // ....: s = s*s
+ // ....: if coeff > 0 :
+ // ....: s = s*t**coeff
+
+ // This works on one bit at a time, with many runs of zeros.
+ // The digits can be collapsed into [(count, coeff)] as follows:
+
+ // sage: [(len(list(group)),d) for d,group in itertools.groupby(sliding_window(4,l-2))]
+
+ // Entries of the form (k, 0) turn into pow2k(k)
+ // Entries of the form (1, coeff) turn into a squaring and then a table lookup.
+ // We can fold the squaring into the previous pow2k(k) as pow2k(k+1).
+
+ *s = table[1/2]
+ s.pow2k(127 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[1/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[9/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[11/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[13/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[15/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[7/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[15/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[5/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[1/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[15/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[15/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[7/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[3/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[11/2])
+ s.pow2k(5 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[11/2])
+ s.pow2k(9 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[9/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[3/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[3/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[3/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[9/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[7/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[3/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[13/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[7/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[9/2])
+ s.pow2k(3 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[15/2])
+ s.pow2k(4 + 1)
+ s.Multiply(s, &table[11/2])
+
+ return s
+}
+
+// MultiScalarMult sets v = sum(scalars[i] * points[i]), and returns v.
+//
+// Execution time depends only on the lengths of the two slices, which must match.
+func (v *Point) MultiScalarMult(scalars []*Scalar, points []*Point) *Point {
+ if len(scalars) != len(points) {
+ panic("edwards25519: called MultiScalarMult with different size inputs")
+ }
+ checkInitialized(points...)
+
+ // Proceed as in the single-base case, but share doublings
+ // between each point in the multiscalar equation.
+
+ // Build lookup tables for each point
+ tables := make([]projLookupTable, len(points))
+ for i := range tables {
+ tables[i].FromP3(points[i])
+ }
+ // Compute signed radix-16 digits for each scalar
+ digits := make([][64]int8, len(scalars))
+ for i := range digits {
+ digits[i] = scalars[i].signedRadix16()
+ }
+
+ // Unwrap first loop iteration to save computing 16*identity
+ multiple := &projCached{}
+ tmp1 := &projP1xP1{}
+ tmp2 := &projP2{}
+ // Lookup-and-add the appropriate multiple of each input point
+ for j := range tables {
+ tables[j].SelectInto(multiple, digits[j][63])
+ tmp1.Add(v, multiple) // tmp1 = v + x_(j,63)*Q in P1xP1 coords
+ v.fromP1xP1(tmp1) // update v
+ }
+ tmp2.FromP3(v) // set up tmp2 = v in P2 coords for next iteration
+ for i := 62; i >= 0; i-- {
+ tmp1.Double(tmp2) // tmp1 = 2*(prev) in P1xP1 coords
+ tmp2.FromP1xP1(tmp1) // tmp2 = 2*(prev) in P2 coords
+ tmp1.Double(tmp2) // tmp1 = 4*(prev) in P1xP1 coords
+ tmp2.FromP1xP1(tmp1) // tmp2 = 4*(prev) in P2 coords
+ tmp1.Double(tmp2) // tmp1 = 8*(prev) in P1xP1 coords
+ tmp2.FromP1xP1(tmp1) // tmp2 = 8*(prev) in P2 coords
+ tmp1.Double(tmp2) // tmp1 = 16*(prev) in P1xP1 coords
+ v.fromP1xP1(tmp1) // v = 16*(prev) in P3 coords
+ // Lookup-and-add the appropriate multiple of each input point
+ for j := range tables {
+ tables[j].SelectInto(multiple, digits[j][i])
+ tmp1.Add(v, multiple) // tmp1 = v + x_(j,i)*Q in P1xP1 coords
+ v.fromP1xP1(tmp1) // update v
+ }
+ tmp2.FromP3(v) // set up tmp2 = v in P2 coords for next iteration
+ }
+ return v
+}
+
+// VarTimeMultiScalarMult sets v = sum(scalars[i] * points[i]), and returns v.
+//
+// Execution time depends on the inputs.
+func (v *Point) VarTimeMultiScalarMult(scalars []*Scalar, points []*Point) *Point {
+ if len(scalars) != len(points) {
+ panic("edwards25519: called VarTimeMultiScalarMult with different size inputs")
+ }
+ checkInitialized(points...)
+
+ // Generalize double-base NAF computation to arbitrary sizes.
+ // Here all the points are dynamic, so we only use the smaller
+ // tables.
+
+ // Build lookup tables for each point
+ tables := make([]nafLookupTable5, len(points))
+ for i := range tables {
+ tables[i].FromP3(points[i])
+ }
+ // Compute a NAF for each scalar
+ nafs := make([][256]int8, len(scalars))
+ for i := range nafs {
+ nafs[i] = scalars[i].nonAdjacentForm(5)
+ }
+
+ multiple := &projCached{}
+ tmp1 := &projP1xP1{}
+ tmp2 := &projP2{}
+ tmp2.Zero()
+
+ // Move from high to low bits, doubling the accumulator
+ // at each iteration and checking whether there is a nonzero
+ // coefficient to look up a multiple of.
+ //
+ // Skip trying to find the first nonzero coefficent, because
+ // searching might be more work than a few extra doublings.
+ for i := 255; i >= 0; i-- {
+ tmp1.Double(tmp2)
+
+ for j := range nafs {
+ if nafs[j][i] > 0 {
+ v.fromP1xP1(tmp1)
+ tables[j].SelectInto(multiple, nafs[j][i])
+ tmp1.Add(v, multiple)
+ } else if nafs[j][i] < 0 {
+ v.fromP1xP1(tmp1)
+ tables[j].SelectInto(multiple, -nafs[j][i])
+ tmp1.Sub(v, multiple)
+ }
+ }
+
+ tmp2.FromP1xP1(tmp1)
+ }
+
+ v.fromP2(tmp2)
+ return v
+}